First the Roma, then the Jews (or is that the other way around?)

France is in the process of expelling all its Roma ("Gypsies"), by order of Sarkozy.  Essentially, police are raiding camps and putting the people they find there -- en masse -- onto buses and planes bound for Romania & Bulgaria.  From the NY Times article:

Mass expulsions based on ethnicity violate European Union law, Mr. Kushen said, and the failure of France to do individual assessments of each case — as opposed to cursory examinations of papers by the police — also violates European Union rules.

The new campaign has been roundly criticized as political, an effort by Mr. Sarkozy to revive his support on the right of the French political spectrum. The campaign has also been attacked as racist, focusing on ethnic or racial groups rather than individual criminals. The government rejects the criticism as misguided and utopian and says it is trying to fight crime and preserve public order.

Haven't I heard this story before?

The Birth (and Death) of a Legend

Charlemagne or Christ?

Shortly after his death, a conscious program of myth-creation began.  The ideals he died for represented something noble but something lost -- an archetype for a Golden Age. 

But it was not a simple climb to Olympian glory; voices, some from those who knew him personally, knew him best, spoke out against the mythologizing.  "He was simply a man," they said, "even with his faults.  He was no god."  But that story didn't take.  That narrative, if you will, didn't fit the narrative.  It didn't tell the people the story they wanted to tell about themselves and so those nay-sayers were drowned out.  He was successfully canonized, becoming a new hero, a new saint, a new martyr. 

But the voices didn't stop.  The voices were persistent and cracks in the narrative began to appear.  Old doubts were raised and new ones arose.  The mythology began to give way to the truth -- that he was, indeed not a god, but just a man.  A man good enough to be remembered on his own terms, without the mythologizing.  And so, perhaps, the next stage began.

Heroic Age 13

On behalf of the staff and editorial board of The Heroic Age, it is with very great pleasure that I announce the release of Issue 13: http://www.heroicage.org/issues/13/toc.php. Also please take note of updated links pages, Calls for Papers, and other items at the main site: http://www.heroicage.org.

I would like to give special thanks to Deanna Forsman without whom this whole endeavor would fall apart, Bill Schipper for his archivist activities, Bill Hamilton and Heather Flowers for editorial help, and others who read, edited, and were patient through the too long process.

Sincerely,

Larry J. Swain
Editor in Chief
The Heroic Age
http://www.heroicage.org
haediting@yahoo.com
lswain@bemidjistate.edu
theswain@operamail.com

Medievalisms Encountered

I just finished up teaching my summer literature course. It was a general fiction course, but I decided to take it a little easy on myself and teach mostly books I've done before, with the exception of Neil Gaman's Sandman....at least part of it. One book I had read some 25 years ago or so I decided to revisit. I had read it for pleasure, remembered enjoying it, but had never ever considered teaching it before. I'm not sure why it never occurred to me, but it hadn't.

T. H. White's The Once and Future King (henceforth TOFK) is clearly what we would now call a medievalism. Interesting tidbit about White is that though he did his senior thesis on Malory, he later claimed to have not read it. Some ten years later he did, and so created TOFK--well the first part of it known as "The Sword in the Stone." The other three parts of the novel (written over the course of 2 decades) follow Malory fairly closely with plenty of interesting interpretation and White retelling along the way. So for example a wonderful image of the end of Camelot and its world is the use of cannons against the Tower walls, an interpretation of Malory's grete gunnes-and a not untypical one. And Mordred's very obvious Freudian "daddy" issues are more explicitly Freudian in White than in Malory...natural enough given when Freud lived and all, though it is mythology and iconic stories that gave Freud, Jung, and in a different field Campbell their fodder about us humans and our inner workings.

What I find interesting about the novel though is that first section describing Arthur's youth. There is very little of anything about Arthur's youth in Malory or other traditions other than being fostered by Sir Ector. So in the "Sword in the Stone" section, White is being his most independent and original. The way I approached teaching the section is talking about the "inters": interlace, intertextual, interpretive. Interlace is pretty easy as White uses Pellinor, an excellent example of interlace, to weave in and out of Arthur's tale. Intertextual was a fascinating exercise, more than I expected in fact. Here we were able to dive into the Bestiaries, mirrors for princes, material from the Pilgrim's Revolt, Robin Hood ballads and tales, among other things that pop up in this part of the tale....in short, I was able to use this to introduce the students to a whole range of medieval history and literature. White sets his tale in the 13th-14th century if I remember correctly which gives an opportunity to talk about castle life as White presents it, culture of the period, languages and so on. In short, I think a grand introduction.

Two final points in my ramblings about White: first, we were able to talk about White's influence on later writers, especially Rowling and Gaiman. Second, I am shocked at how little academic attention has been given White and TOFK. Seriously, I couldn't really find anything to show the students; a few reviews was it. Now, I may have missed a piece or two, but there is plenty of room to talk about White and his medievalism from multiple viewpoints. Let this be the first volley in reintroducing this author to medievalists.

Well, that was the encounter with an older medievalism. I've recently had a literary encounter with a newer medievalism based on a very old medievalism. An author that my wife introduced me to when we got together is Christopher Moore. He's a somewhat intelligent, comic writer. One book for example is dependent on modern studies of cargo cults, and what's more, is he generally gets it right! Well, ol' Christopher has published a novel (2009, so not brand new) Fool that is a retelling of Shakespeare's King Lear. Now any medievalist who has read any Shakespeare knows that Shakespeare is practicing medievalism, at least a 16th century version. So, his Lear is based on medieval texts that the good bard has reinterpreted to tell his tale that has endured for many a year. So now we get to add a layer of medievalism with Moore, retelling Shakespeare and being somewhat of a medievalismist himself. Fool is the story of Lear's fool, who for those who don't know, mysteriously disappears in Act III. Many have speculated that the fool and Cordelia, the faithful daughter of Lear, were played by the same actor or should in some way be seen as the same since both do fulfill the same role: speaking truth and wisdom to those gone awry.

But since Lear takes place in the Middle Ages, any story about a character who lives in the Middle Ages must of necessity deal with the Middle Ages. There is some good stuff here. There is just as much simply mistaken, but since it makes one laugh heartily, I can be forgiving. *Warning: naughty language ahead* "Heinous fuckery most foul" never ceases to elicit a guffaw from both my wife and I...she's even thinking of making it her permanent Facebook status. And yes, there is much that is bawdy in the tale...but what reader of Shakespeare or Chaucer is surprised at that? None I should hope. There are some great lines and scenes here borrowed not just from other Shakespeare plays, but from medieval writers. All in all, though, this is Moore at his best: taking a tragic tale, making it hilarious, while retaining the tragic notes.

In a much different kind of thing, I may have mentioned before that my wife and I sometimes watch a show on Spike called "Deadliest Warrior." It's gamers on the loose folks! Tonight's episode paired Vikings against Samurai in an attempt to determine who was the deadliest. I mention it here simply because while in some ways historically accurate, the program perpetuated the same old "Viking pillaged, raped, destroyed" oversimplifications that exist out in pop culture. And that in spite of an "expert" Viking weapons club to show us how deadly the Vikings were. By the way, according to the specially developed computer program, the Samurai was deadlier. I don't know that I buy that...but ah well.

Finally, in case you didn't see it, this was forwarded to me on Facebook and I had to share hither and perhaps a bit of yon:

http://graphjam.com/2010/07/28/funny-graphs-where-will-you-be/